143.重排链表
思路
本篇将给出三种C++实现的方法
- 数组模拟
- 双向队列模拟
- 直接分割链表
方法一
把链表放进数组中,然后通过双指针法,一前一后,来遍历数组,构造链表。
代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
void reorderList(ListNode* head) {
vector<ListNode*> vec;
ListNode* cur = head;
if (cur == nullptr) return;
while(cur != nullptr) {
vec.push_back(cur);
cur = cur->next;
}
cur = head;
int i = 1;
int j = vec.size() - 1; // i j为之前前后的双指针
int count = 0; // 计数,偶数去后面,奇数取前面
while (i <= j) {
if (count % 2 == 0) {
cur->next = vec[j];
j--;
} else {
cur->next = vec[i];
i++;
}
cur = cur->next;
count++;
}
cur->next = nullptr; // 注意结尾
}
};
方法二
把链表放进双向队列,然后通过双向队列一前一后弹出数据,来构造新的链表。这种方法比操作数组容易一些,不用双指针模拟一前一后了
class Solution {
public:
void reorderList(ListNode* head) {
deque<ListNode*> que;
ListNode* cur = head;
if (cur == nullptr) return;
while(cur->next != nullptr) {
que.push_back(cur->next);
cur = cur->next;
}
cur = head;
int count = 0; // 计数,偶数去后面,奇数取前面
ListNode* node;
while(que.size()) {
if (count % 2 == 0) {
node = que.back();
que.pop_back();
} else {
node = que.front();
que.pop_front();
}
count++;
cur->next = node;
cur = cur->next;
}
cur->next = nullptr; // 注意结尾
}
};
方法三
将链表分割成两个链表,然后把第二个链表反转,之后在通过两个链表拼接成新的链表。
如图:
这种方法,比较难,平均切割链表,看上去很简单,真正代码写的时候有很多细节,同时两个链表最后拼装整一个新的链表也有一些细节需要注意!
代码如下:
class Solution {
private:
// 反转链表
ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
ListNode* temp; // 保存cur的下一个节点
ListNode* cur = head;
ListNode* pre = NULL;
while(cur) {
temp = cur->next; // 保存一下 cur的下一个节点,因为接下来要改变cur->next
cur->next = pre; // 翻转操作
// 更新pre 和 cur指针
pre = cur;
cur = temp;
}
return pre;
}
public:
void reorderList(ListNode* head) {
if (head == nullptr) return;
// 使用快慢指针法,将链表分成长度均等的两个链表head1和head2
// 如果总链表长度为奇数,则head1相对head2多一个节点
ListNode* fast = head;
ListNode* slow = head;
while (fast && fast->next && fast->next->next) {
fast = fast->next->next;
slow = slow->next;
}
ListNode* head1 = head;
ListNode* head2;
head2 = slow->next;
slow->next = nullptr;
// 对head2进行翻转
head2 = reverseList(head2);
// 将head1和head2交替生成新的链表head
ListNode* cur1 = head1;
ListNode* cur2 = head2;
ListNode* cur = head;
cur1 = cur1->next;
int count = 0; // 偶数取head2的元素,奇数取head1的元素
while (cur1 && cur2) {
if (count % 2 == 0) {
cur->next = cur2;
cur2 = cur2->next;
} else {
cur->next = cur1;
cur1 = cur1->next;
}
count++;
cur = cur->next;
}
if (cur2 != nullptr) { // 处理结尾
cur->next = cur2;
}
if (cur1 != nullptr) {
cur->next = cur1;
}
}
};
其他语言版本
Java
// 方法一 Java实现,使用数组存储节点
class Solution {
public void reorderList(ListNode head) {
// 双指针的做法
ListNode cur = head;
// ArrayList底层是数组,可以使用下标随机访问
List<ListNode> list = new ArrayList<>();
while (cur != null){
list.add(cur);
cur = cur.next;
}
cur = head; // 重新回到头部
int l = 1, r = list.size() - 1; // 注意左边是从1开始
int count = 0;
while (l <= r){
if (count % 2 == 0){
// 偶数
cur.next = list.get(r);
r--;
}else {
// 奇数
cur.next = list.get(l);
l++;
}
// 每一次指针都需要移动
cur = cur.next;
count++;
}
// 注意结尾要结束一波
cur.next = null;
}
}
// 方法二:使用双端队列,简化了数组的操作,代码相对于前者更简洁(避免一些边界条件)
class Solution {
public void reorderList(ListNode head) {
// 使用双端队列的方法来解决
Deque<ListNode> de = new LinkedList<>();
// 这里是取head的下一个节点,head不需要再入队了,避免造成重复
ListNode cur = head.next;
while (cur != null){
de.offer(cur);
cur = cur.next;
}
cur = head; // 回到头部
int count = 0;
while (!de.isEmpty()){
if (count % 2 == 0){
// 偶数,取出队列右边尾部的值
cur.next = de.pollLast();
}else {
// 奇数,取出队列左边头部的值
cur.next = de.poll();
}
cur = cur.next;
count++;
}
cur.next = null;
}
}
// 方法三
public class ReorderList {
public void reorderList(ListNode head) {
ListNode fast = head, slow = head;
//求出中点
while (fast.next != null && fast.next.next != null) {
slow = slow.next;
fast = fast.next.next;
}
//right就是右半部分 12345 就是45 1234 就是34
ListNode right = slow.next;
//断开左部分和右部分
slow.next = null;
//反转右部分 right就是反转后右部分的起点
right = reverseList(right);
//左部分的起点
ListNode left = head;
//进行左右部分来回连接
//这里左部分的节点个数一定大于等于右部分的节点个数 因此只判断right即可
while (right != null) {
ListNode curLeft = left.next;
left.next = right;
left = curLeft;
ListNode curRight = right.next;
right.next = left;
right = curRight;
}
}
public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
ListNode headNode = new ListNode(0);
ListNode cur = head;
ListNode next = null;
while (cur != null) {
next = cur.next;
cur.next = headNode.next;
headNode.next = cur;
cur = next;
}
return headNode.next;
}
}
Python
# 方法二 双向队列
class Solution:
def reorderList(self, head: ListNode) -> None:
"""
Do not return anything, modify head in-place instead.
"""
d = collections.deque()
tmp = head
while tmp.next: # 链表除了首元素全部加入双向队列
d.append(tmp.next)
tmp = tmp.next
tmp = head
while len(d): # 一后一前加入链表
tmp.next = d.pop()
tmp = tmp.next
if len(d):
tmp.next = d.popleft()
tmp = tmp.next
tmp.next = None # 尾部置空
# 方法三 反转链表
class Solution:
def reorderList(self, head: ListNode) -> None:
if head == None or head.next == None:
return True
slow, fast = head, head
while fast and fast.next:
slow = slow.next
fast = fast.next.next
right = slow.next # 分割右半边
slow.next = None # 切断
right = self.reverseList(right) #反转右半边
left = head
# 左半边一定比右半边长, 因此判断右半边即可
while right:
curLeft = left.next
left.next = right
left = curLeft
curRight = right.next
right.next = left
right = curRight
def reverseList(self, head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
cur = head
pre = None
while(cur!=None):
temp = cur.next # 保存一下cur的下一个节点
cur.next = pre # 反转
pre = cur
cur = temp
return pre
Go
# 方法三 分割链表
func reorderList(head *ListNode) {
var slow=head
var fast=head
for fast!=nil&&fast.Next!=nil{
slow=slow.Next
fast=fast.Next.Next
} //双指针将链表分为左右两部分
var right =new(ListNode)
for slow!=nil{
temp:=slow.Next
slow.Next=right.Next
right.Next=slow
slow=temp
} //翻转链表右半部分
right=right.Next //right为反转后得右半部分
h:=head
for right.Next!=nil{
temp:=right.Next
right.Next=h.Next
h.Next=right
h=h.Next.Next
right=temp
} //将左右两部分重新组合
}
JavaScript
// 方法一 使用数组存储节点
var reorderList = function(head, s = [], tmp) {
let cur = head;
// list是数组,可以使用下标随机访问
const list = [];
while(cur != null){
list.push(cur);
cur = cur.next;
}
cur = head; // 重新回到头部
let l = 1, r = list.length - 1; // 注意左边是从1开始
let count = 0;
while(l <= r){
if(count % 2 == 0){
// even
cur.next = list[r];
r--;
} else {
// odd
cur.next = list[l];
l++;
}
// 每一次指针都需要移动
cur = cur.next;
count++;
}
// 注意结尾要结束一波
cur.next = null;
}
// 方法二 使用双端队列的方法来解决 js中运行很慢
var reorderList = function(head, s = [], tmp) {
// js数组作为双端队列
const deque = [];
// 这里是取head的下一个节点,head不需要再入队了,避免造成重复
let cur = head.next;
while(cur != null){
deque.push(cur);
cur = cur.next;
}
cur = head; // 回到头部
let count = 0;
while(deque.length !== 0){
if(count % 2 == 0){
// even,取出队列右边尾部的值
cur.next = deque.pop();
} else {
// odd, 取出队列左边头部的值
cur.next = deque.shift();
}
cur = cur.next;
count++;
}
cur.next = null;
}
//方法三 将链表分割成两个链表,然后把第二个链表反转,之后在通过两个链表拼接成新的链表
var reorderList = function(head, s = [], tmp) {
const reverseList = head => {
let headNode = new ListNode(0);
let cur = head;
let next = null;
while(cur != null){
next = cur.next;
cur.next = headNode.next;
headNode.next = cur;
cur = next;
}
return headNode.next;
}
let fast = head, slow = head;
//求出中点
while(fast.next != null && fast.next.next != null){
slow = slow.next;
fast = fast.next.next;
}
//right就是右半部分 12345 就是45 1234 就是34
let right = slow.next;
//断开左部分和右部分
slow.next = null;
//反转右部分 right就是反转后右部分的起点
right = reverseList(right);
//左部分的起点
let left = head;
//进行左右部分来回连接
//这里左部分的节点个数一定大于等于右部分的节点个数 因此只判断right即可
while (right != null) {
let curLeft = left.next;
left.next = right;
left = curLeft;
let curRight = right.next;
right.next = left;
right = curRight;
}
}
TypeScript
辅助数组法:
function reorderList(head: ListNode | null): void {
if (head === null) return;
const helperArr: ListNode[] = [];
let curNode: ListNode | null = head;
while (curNode !== null) {
helperArr.push(curNode);
curNode = curNode.next;
}
let node: ListNode = head;
let left: number = 1,
right: number = helperArr.length - 1;
let count: number = 0;
while (left <= right) {
if (count % 2 === 0) {
node.next = helperArr[right--];
} else {
node.next = helperArr[left++];
}
count++;
node = node.next;
}
node.next = null;
};
分割链表法:
function reorderList(head: ListNode | null): void {
if (head === null || head.next === null) return;
let fastNode: ListNode = head,
slowNode: ListNode = head;
while (fastNode.next !== null && fastNode.next.next !== null) {
slowNode = slowNode.next!;
fastNode = fastNode.next.next;
}
let head1: ListNode | null = head;
// 反转后半部分链表
let head2: ListNode | null = reverseList(slowNode.next);
// 分割链表
slowNode.next = null;
/**
直接在head1链表上进行插入
head1 链表长度一定大于或等于head2,
因此在下面的循环中,只要head2不为null, head1 一定不为null
*/
while (head2 !== null) {
const tempNode1: ListNode | null = head1!.next,
tempNode2: ListNode | null = head2.next;
head1!.next = head2;
head2.next = tempNode1;
head1 = tempNode1;
head2 = tempNode2;
}
};
function reverseList(head: ListNode | null): ListNode | null {
let curNode: ListNode | null = head,
preNode: ListNode | null = null;
while (curNode !== null) {
const tempNode: ListNode | null = curNode.next;
curNode.next = preNode;
preNode = curNode;
curNode = tempNode;
}
return preNode;
}
C
方法三:反转链表
//翻转链表
struct ListNode *reverseList(struct ListNode *head) {
if(!head)
return NULL;
struct ListNode *preNode = NULL, *curNode = head;
while(curNode) {
//创建tempNode记录curNode->next(即将被更新)
struct ListNode* tempNode = curNode->next;
//将curNode->next指向preNode
curNode->next = preNode;
//更新preNode为curNode
preNode = curNode;
//curNode更新为原链表中下一个元素
curNode = tempNode;
}
return preNode;
}
void reorderList(struct ListNode* head){
//slow用来截取到链表的中间节点(第一个链表的最后节点),每次循环跳一个节点。fast用来辅助,每次循环跳两个节点
struct ListNode *fast = head, *slow = head;
while(fast && fast->next && fast->next->next) {
//fast每次跳两个节点
fast = fast->next->next;
//slow每次跳一个节点
slow = slow->next;
}
//将slow->next后的节点翻转
struct ListNode *sndLst = reverseList(slow->next);
//将第一个链表与第二个链表断开
slow->next = NULL;
//因为插入从curNode->next开始,curNode刚开始已经head。所以fstList要从head->next开始
struct ListNode *fstLst = head->next;
struct ListNode *curNode = head;
int count = 0;
//当第一个链表和第二个链表中都有节点时循环
while(sndLst && fstLst) {
//count为奇数,插入fstLst中的节点
if(count % 2) {
curNode->next = fstLst;
fstLst = fstLst->next;
}
//count为偶数,插入sndList的节点
else {
curNode->next = sndLst;
sndLst = sndLst->next;
}
//设置下一个节点
curNode = curNode->next;
//更新count
++count;
}
//若两个链表fstList和sndLst中还有节点,将其放入链表
if(fstLst) {
curNode->next = fstLst;
}
if(sndLst) {
curNode->next = sndLst;
}
//返回链表
return head;
}