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35、Flink基础：FlinkCDC简介

分类：Flink基础    2024-03-14    阅读(162)

文章目录

  • 一. Flink CDC介绍
  • 二.Flink CDC 实操
    • 2.1 MySQL配置
  • 2.2 pom文件
  • 2.3 Java代码
  • 2.4 测试结果
  • 参考:

一. Flink CDC介绍

  Flink在1.11版本中新增了CDC的特性，简称 改变数据捕获。名称来看有点乱，我们先从之前的数据架构来看CDC的内容。

  以上是之前的mysql binlog日志处理流程,例如canal监听binlog把日志写入到kafka中。而Apache Flink实时消费Kakfa的数据实现mysql数据的同步或其他内容等。拆分来说整体上可以分为以下几个阶段。

1、 mysql开启binlog；
2、 canal同步binlog数据写入到kafka；
3、 flink读取kakfa中的binlog数据进行相关的业务处理；

整体的处理链路较长，需要用到的组件也比较多。Apache Flink CDC可以直接从数据库获取到binlog供下游进行业务计算分析。简单来说链路会变成这样
*

也就是说数据不再通过canal与kafka进行同步，而flink直接进行处理mysql的数据。节省了canal与kafka的过程。

Flink 1.11中实现了mysql-cdc与postgre-CDC，也就是说在Flink 1.11中我们可以直接通过Flink来直接消费mysql,postgresql的数据进行业务的处理。

使用场景:

1、 数据库数据的增量同步；
2、 数据库表之上的物理化视图；
3、 维表join；
4、 其他业务处理；

二.Flink CDC 实操

2.1 MySQL配置

MySQL必须开启binlog
MySQL表必须有主键

mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name                   | Value                                       |
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| log_bin                         | ON                                          |
| log_bin_basename                | /home/mysql/data/3306/10-31-1-122-bin       |
| log_bin_index                   | /home/mysql/data/3306/10-31-1-122-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF                                         |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events       | OFF                                         |
| sql_log_bin                     | ON                                          |
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL代码:

create databases cdc_test;

create table test1(id int primary key,name varchar(50),create_datetime timestamp(0));

insert into test1(id,name,create_datetime) values (1,'abc',current_timestamp());
insert into test1(id,name,create_datetime) values (2,'def',current_timestamp());
insert into test1(id,name,create_datetime) values (3,'ghi',current_timestamp()); 

update test1 set name = 'aaa' where id = 1;
delete from test1 where id = 1;

create table test2(id int primary key,name varchar(50),create_datetime timestamp(0)); 
delete from test1 where id = 1;
insert into test2(id,name,create_datetime) values (1,'abc',current_timestamp()); 

drop table test2;

*

2.2 pom文件

pom文件配置如下:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba.ververica</groupId>
      <artifactId>flink-connector-mysql-cdc</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.75</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
      <artifactId>flink-streaming-java_2.12</artifactId>
      <version>1.12.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
      <artifactId>flink-clients_2.12</artifactId>
      <version>1.12.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
      <artifactId>flink-java</artifactId>
      <version>1.12.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
      <artifactId>flink-table-planner-blink_2.12</artifactId>
      <version>1.12.0</version>
      <type>test-jar</type>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

2.3 Java代码

CdcDwdDeserializationSchema

package com.zqs.study.flink.cdc;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.ververica.cdc.debezium.DebeziumDeserializationSchema;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.BasicTypeInfo;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Field;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Schema;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Struct;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.source.SourceRecord;

import java.util.List;
public class CdcDwdDeserializationSchema implements DebeziumDeserializationSchema<JSONObject> {
   
     
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3168848963265670603L;

    public CdcDwdDeserializationSchema() {
   
     
    }

    @Override
    public void deserialize(SourceRecord record, Collector<JSONObject> out) {
   
     
        Struct dataRecord = (Struct) record.value();

        Struct afterStruct = dataRecord.getStruct("after");
        Struct beforeStruct = dataRecord.getStruct("before");
        /*
          todo 1，同时存在 beforeStruct 跟 afterStruct数据的话，就代表是update的数据
               2,只存在 beforeStruct 就是delete数据
               3，只存在 afterStruct数据 就是insert数据
         */

        JSONObject logJson = new JSONObject();

        String canal_type = "";
        List<Field> fieldsList = null;
        if (afterStruct != null && beforeStruct != null) {
   
     
            System.out.println("这是修改数据");
            canal_type = "update";
            fieldsList = afterStruct.schema().fields();
            //todo 字段与值
            for (Field field : fieldsList) {
   
     
                String fieldName = field.name();
                Object fieldValue = afterStruct.get(fieldName);
//            System.out.println("*****fieldName=" + fieldName+",fieldValue="+fieldValue);
                logJson.put(fieldName, fieldValue);
            }
        } else if (afterStruct != null) {
   
     
            System.out.println("这是新增数据");

            canal_type = "insert";
            fieldsList = afterStruct.schema().fields();
            //todo 字段与值
            for (Field field : fieldsList) {
   
     
                String fieldName = field.name();
                Object fieldValue = afterStruct.get(fieldName);
//            System.out.println("*****fieldName=" + fieldName+",fieldValue="+fieldValue);
                logJson.put(fieldName, fieldValue);
            }
        } else if (beforeStruct != null) {
   
     
            System.out.println("这是删除数据");
            canal_type = "detele";
            fieldsList = beforeStruct.schema().fields();
            //todo 字段与值
            for (Field field : fieldsList) {
   
     
                String fieldName = field.name();
                Object fieldValue = beforeStruct.get(fieldName);
//            System.out.println("*****fieldName=" + fieldName+",fieldValue="+fieldValue);
                logJson.put(fieldName, fieldValue);
            }
        } else {
   
     
            System.out.println("一脸蒙蔽了");
        }
        //todo 拿到databases table信息
        Struct source = dataRecord.getStruct("source");
        Object db = source.get("db");
        Object table = source.get("table");
        Object ts_ms = source.get("ts_ms");

        logJson.put("canal_database", db);
        logJson.put("canal_database", table);
        logJson.put("canal_ts", ts_ms);
        logJson.put("canal_type", canal_type);

        //todo 拿到topic
        String topic = record.topic();
        System.out.println("topic = " + topic);

        //todo 主键字段
        Struct pk = (Struct) record.key();
        List<Field> pkFieldList = pk.schema().fields();
        int partitionerNum = 0;
        for (Field field : pkFieldList) {
   
     
            Object pkValue = pk.get(field.name());
            partitionerNum += pkValue.hashCode();

        }
        int hash = Math.abs(partitionerNum) % 3;
        logJson.put("pk_hashcode", hash);
        out.collect(logJson);
    }

    @Override
    public TypeInformation<JSONObject> getProducedType() {
   
     
        return BasicTypeInfo.of(JSONObject.class);
    }
}

FlinkCDCSQLTest

package com.zqs.study.flink.cdc;
/**
 * @author 只是甲
 * @date   2021-09-30
 * @remark Flink CDC 测试
 */
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.ververica.cdc.connectors.mysql.MySQLSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.source.SourceFunction;
public class FlinkCDCSQLTest {
   
     
    public static void main(String[] args) {
   
     
        StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
        env.setParallelism(1);
        SourceFunction<JSONObject> sourceFunction = MySQLSource.<JSONObject>builder()
                .hostname("10.31.1.122")
                .port(3306)
                .databaseList("cdc_test") // monitor all tables under inventory database

                .username("root")
                //.password("abc123")
                .password("Abc123456!")
                .deserializer(new CdcDwdDeserializationSchema()) // converts SourceRecord to String
                .build();
        DataStreamSource<JSONObject> stringDataStreamSource = env.addSource(sourceFunction);

        stringDataStreamSource.print("===>");
        try {
   
     
            env.execute("测试mysql-cdc");
        } catch (Exception e) {
   
     
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

2.4 测试结果

如下截图所示，可以捕捉到DML语句，但是无法捕捉到DDL语句
*

参考:

1、 https://github.com/czy006/FlinkClub；
2、 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1wL4y1Y7Xu；
3、 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_31866793/article/details/109207663；

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