03、RocketMQ源码分析之CommitLog消息存储机制


本文重点分析 Broker 接收到生产者发送消息请求后如何存储在 Broker 上,本文暂不关注事务消息机制。

本文前置篇:RocketMQ源码分析之Broker概述与同步消息发送原理与高可用设计及思考

RocketMQ 的存储核心类为 DefaultMessageStore,存储消息的入口方法为:putMessage。

在深入学习消息存储之前,我们先大概了解一下DefaultMessageStore的属性与构造方法。

1、消息存储分析

1.1 DefaultMessageStore 概要

其核心属性如下:

  • messageStoreConfig
    存储相关的配置,例如存储路径、commitLog文件大小,刷盘频次等等。
  • CommitLog commitLog
    comitLog 的核心处理类,消息存储在 commitlog 文件中。
  • ConcurrentMap<String/\* topic \*/, ConcurrentMap<Integer/* queueId */, ConsumeQueue>>` consumeQueueTable
    topic 的队列信息。
  • FlushConsumeQueueService flushConsumeQueueService
    ConsumeQueue 刷盘服务线程。
  • CleanCommitLogService cleanCommitLogService
    commitLog 过期文件删除线程。
  • CleanConsumeQueueService cleanConsumeQueueService
    consumeQueue 过期文件删除线程。、
  • IndexService indexService
    索引服务。
  • AllocateMappedFileService allocateMappedFileService
    MappedFile 分配线程,RocketMQ 使用内存映射处理 commitlog、consumeQueue文件。
  • ReputMessageService reputMessageService
    reput 转发线程(负责 Commitlog 转发到 Consumequeue、Index文件)。
  • HAService haService
    主从同步实现服务。
  • ScheduleMessageService scheduleMessageService
    定时任务调度器,执行定时任务。
  • StoreStatsService storeStatsService
    存储统计服务。
  • TransientStorePool transientStorePool
    ByteBuffer 池,后文会详细使用。
  • RunningFlags runningFlags
    存储服务状态。
  • BrokerStatsManager brokerStatsManager
    Broker 统计服务。
  • MessageArrivingListener messageArrivingListener
    消息达到监听器。
  • StoreCheckpoint storeCheckpoint
    刷盘检测点。
  • LinkedList dispatcherList
    转发 comitlog 日志,主要是从 commitlog 转发到 consumeQueue、index 文件。

上面这些属性,是整个消息存储的核心,也是我们需要重点关注与理解的(将会在本系列一一介绍到)。

接下来,先从 putMessage 为入口,一起探究整个消息存储全过程。

1.2 消息存储流程

1.2.1 DefaultMessageStore.putMessage

public PutMessageResult putMessage(MessageExtBrokerInner msg) {
        if (this.shutdown) {
            log.warn("message store has shutdown, so putMessage is forbidden");
            return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE, null);
        }
        if (BrokerRole.SLAVE == this.messageStoreConfig.getBrokerRole()) {
            long value = this.printTimes.getAndIncrement();
            if ((value % 50000) == 0) {
                log.warn("message store is slave mode, so putMessage is forbidden ");
            }
            return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE, null);
        }
        if (!this.runningFlags.isWriteable()) {
            long value = this.printTimes.getAndIncrement();
            if ((value % 50000) == 0) {
                log.warn("message store is not writeable, so putMessage is forbidden " + this.runningFlags.getFlagBits());
            }
            return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE, null);
        } else {
            this.printTimes.set(0);
        }
        if (msg.getTopic().length() > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
            log.warn("putMessage message topic length too long " + msg.getTopic().length());
            return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.MESSAGE_ILLEGAL, null);
        }
        if (msg.getPropertiesString() != null && msg.getPropertiesString().length() > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
            log.warn("putMessage message properties length too long " + msg.getPropertiesString().length());
            return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.PROPERTIES_SIZE_EXCEEDED, null);
        }
        if (this.isOSPageCacheBusy()) {    //@1
            return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.OS_PAGECACHE_BUSY, null);
        }
        long beginTime = this.getSystemClock().now();
        PutMessageResult result = this.commitLog.putMessage(msg);    // @2
        long eclipseTime = this.getSystemClock().now() - beginTime;
        if (eclipseTime > 500) {
            log.warn("putMessage not in lock eclipse time(ms)={}, bodyLength={}", eclipseTime, msg.getBody().length);
        }
        this.storeStatsService.setPutMessageEntireTimeMax(eclipseTime);   //@3
        if (null == result || !result.isOk()) {                                                      //@4 
            this.storeStatsService.getPutMessageFailedTimes().incrementAndGet();
        }
        return result;

代码@1:检测操作系统页写入是否繁忙。

@Override
    public boolean isOSPageCacheBusy() {
        long begin = this.getCommitLog().getBeginTimeInLock();
        long diff = this.systemClock.now() - begin;
        if (diff < 10000000 //
            && diff > this.messageStoreConfig.getOsPageCacheBusyTimeOutMills()) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;

代码@2:将日志写入CommitLog 文件,具体实现类 CommitLog。

代码@3:记录相关统计信息。

代码@4:记录写commitlog 失败次数。

1.2.2 CommitLog.putMessage

public PutMessageResult putMessage(final MessageExtBrokerInner msg) {
        // Set the storage time
        msg.setStoreTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
        // Set the message body BODY CRC (consider the most appropriate setting
        // on the client)
        msg.setBodyCRC(UtilAll.crc32(msg.getBody()));
        // Back to Results
        AppendMessageResult result = null;
        StoreStatsService storeStatsService = this.defaultMessageStore.getStoreStatsService();
        String topic = msg.getTopic();
        int queueId = msg.getQueueId();
        final int tranType = MessageSysFlag.getTransactionValue(msg.getSysFlag());    // @1
        if (tranType == MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_NOT_TYPE//
            || tranType == MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_COMMIT_TYPE) {    // @2
            // Delay Delivery
            if (msg.getDelayTimeLevel() > 0) {
                if (msg.getDelayTimeLevel() > this.defaultMessageStore.getScheduleMessageService().getMaxDelayLevel()) {
                    msg.setDelayTimeLevel(this.defaultMessageStore.getScheduleMessageService().getMaxDelayLevel());
                }
                topic = ScheduleMessageService.SCHEDULE_TOPIC;
                queueId = ScheduleMessageService.delayLevel2QueueId(msg.getDelayTimeLevel());
                // Backup real topic, queueId
                MessageAccessor.putProperty(msg, MessageConst.PROPERTY_REAL_TOPIC, msg.getTopic());
                MessageAccessor.putProperty(msg, MessageConst.PROPERTY_REAL_QUEUE_ID, String.valueOf(msg.getQueueId()));
                msg.setPropertiesString(MessageDecoder.messageProperties2String(msg.getProperties()));
                msg.setTopic(topic);
                msg.setQueueId(queueId);
            }
        }
        long eclipseTimeInLock = 0;
        MappedFile unlockMappedFile = null;
        MappedFile mappedFile = this.mappedFileQueue.getLastMappedFile();    // @3
        putMessageLock.lock(); //spin or ReentrantLock ,depending on store config    //@4
        try {
            long beginLockTimestamp = this.defaultMessageStore.getSystemClock().now();
            this.beginTimeInLock = beginLockTimestamp;
            // Here settings are stored timestamp, in order to ensure an orderly
            // global
            msg.setStoreTimestamp(beginLockTimestamp);
            if (null == mappedFile || mappedFile.isFull()) {
                mappedFile = this.mappedFileQueue.getLastMappedFile(0); // Mark: NewFile may be cause noise
            }
            if (null == mappedFile) {
                log.error("create maped file1 error, topic: " + msg.getTopic() + " clientAddr: " + msg.getBornHostString());
                beginTimeInLock = 0;
                return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.CREATE_MAPEDFILE_FAILED, null);
            }         // @5
            result = mappedFile.appendMessage(msg, this.appendMessageCallback);   // @6
            switch (result.getStatus()) {
                case PUT_OK:
                    break;
                case END_OF_FILE:
                    unlockMappedFile = mappedFile;
                    // Create a new file, re-write the message
                    mappedFile = this.mappedFileQueue.getLastMappedFile(0);
                    if (null == mappedFile) {
                        // XXX: warn and notify me
                        log.error("create maped file2 error, topic: " + msg.getTopic() + " clientAddr: " + msg.getBornHostString());
                        beginTimeInLock = 0;
                        return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.CREATE_MAPEDFILE_FAILED, result);
                    }
                    result = mappedFile.appendMessage(msg, this.appendMessageCallback);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_SIZE_EXCEEDED:
                case PROPERTIES_SIZE_EXCEEDED:
                    beginTimeInLock = 0;
                    return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.MESSAGE_ILLEGAL, result);
                case UNKNOWN_ERROR:
                    beginTimeInLock = 0;
                    return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR, result);
                default:
                    beginTimeInLock = 0;
                    return new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR, result);
            }
            eclipseTimeInLock = this.defaultMessageStore.getSystemClock().now() - beginLockTimestamp;
            beginTimeInLock = 0;
        } finally {
            putMessageLock.unlock();
        }
        if (eclipseTimeInLock > 500) {
            log.warn("[NOTIFYME]putMessage in lock cost time(ms)={}, bodyLength={} AppendMessageResult={}", eclipseTimeInLock, msg.getBody().length, result);
        }
        if (null != unlockMappedFile && this.defaultMessageStore.getMessageStoreConfig().isWarmMapedFileEnable()) {
            this.defaultMessageStore.unlockMappedFile(unlockMappedFile);
        }
        PutMessageResult putMessageResult = new PutMessageResult(PutMessageStatus.PUT_OK, result);
        // Statistics
        storeStatsService.getSinglePutMessageTopicTimesTotal(msg.getTopic()).incrementAndGet();
        storeStatsService.getSinglePutMessageTopicSizeTotal(topic).addAndGet(result.getWroteBytes());
        handleDiskFlush(result, putMessageResult, msg);   // @7
        handleHA(result, putMessageResult, msg);            //@8
        return putMessageResult;

先对ComitLog 写入消息做一个简单描述,然后需要详细探究每个步骤的实现。

代码@1:获取消息类型(事务消息,非事务消息,Commit消息。

代码@3:获取一个 MappedFile 对象,内存映射的具体实现。

代码@4,追加消息需要加锁,串行化处理。

代码@5:验证代码@3的 MappedFile 对象,获取一个可用的 MappedFile (如果没有,则创建一个)。

代码@6:通过MappedFile对象写入文件。

代码@7:根据刷盘策略刷盘。

代码@8:主从同步。

1.3 存储核心类分析

1.3.1 源码分析MappedFile

1、3.1.1 MappedFile 基础属性

public static final int OS_PAGE_SIZE = 1024 * 4;   // 4K               
private static final AtomicLong TOTAL_MAPPED_VIRTUAL_MEMORY = new AtomicLong(0);
private static final AtomicInteger TOTAL_MAPPED_FILES = new AtomicInteger(0);
protected final AtomicInteger wrotePosition = new AtomicInteger(0);
protected final AtomicInteger committedPosition = new AtomicInteger(0);
private final AtomicInteger flushedPosition = new AtomicInteger(0);
protected int fileSize;
protected FileChannel fileChannel;
    /**
     * Message will put to here first, and then reput to FileChannel if writeBuffer is not null.
     */
protected ByteBuffer writeBuffer = null;
protected TransientStorePool transientStorePool = null;
private String fileName;
private long fileFromOffset;
private File file;
private MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer;
private volatile long storeTimestamp = 0;

  • OS_PAGE_SIZE

OSpage大小,4K。

  • TOTAL_MAPPED_VIRTUAL_MEMORY
    类变量,所有 MappedFile 实例已使用字节总数。
  • TOTAL_MAPPED_FILES
    MappedFile 个数。
  • wrotePosition
    当前MappedFile对象当前写指针。
  • committedPosition
    当前提交的指针。
  • flushedPosition
    当前刷写到磁盘的指针。
  • fileSize
    文件总大小。
  • fileChannel
    文件通道。
  • writeBuffer
    如果开启了transientStorePoolEnable,消息会写入堆外内存,然后提交到 PageCache 并最终刷写到磁盘。
  • TransientStorePool transientStorePool
    ByteBuffer的缓冲池,堆外内存,transientStorePoolEnable 为 true 时生效。
  • fileName
    文件名称。
  • fileFromOffset
    文件序号,代表该文件代表的文件偏移量。
  • File file
    文件对象。
  • MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer
    对应操作系统的 PageCache。
  • storeTimestamp
    最后一次存储时间戳。

1、3.1.2 初始化

private void init(final String fileName, final int fileSize) throws IOException {
        this.fileName = fileName;
        this.fileSize = fileSize;
        this.file = new File(fileName);
        this.fileFromOffset = Long.parseLong(this.file.getName());
        boolean ok = false;
        ensureDirOK(this.file.getParent());
        try {
            this.fileChannel = new RandomAccessFile(this.file, "rw").getChannel();
            this.mappedByteBuffer = this.fileChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, fileSize);
            TOTAL_MAPPED_VIRTUAL_MEMORY.addAndGet(fileSize);
            TOTAL_MAPPED_FILES.incrementAndGet();
            ok = true;
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            log.error("create file channel " + this.fileName + " Failed. ", e);
            throw e;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("map file " + this.fileName + " Failed. ", e);
            throw e;
        } finally {
            if (!ok && this.fileChannel != null) {
                this.fileChannel.close();
            }
        }

初始化FileChannel、mappedByteBuffer 等。

1、3.1.3 appendMessagesInner 消息写入

public AppendMessageResult appendMessagesInner(final MessageExt messageExt, final AppendMessageCallback cb) {
        assert messageExt != null;
        assert cb != null;
        int currentPos = this.wrotePosition.get();    // @1
        if (currentPos < this.fileSize) {
            ByteBuffer byteBuffer = writeBuffer != null ? writeBuffer.slice() : this.mappedByteBuffer.slice();   
            byteBuffer.position(currentPos);
            AppendMessageResult result = null;
            if (messageExt instanceof MessageExtBrokerInner) {   // @2
                result = cb.doAppend(this.getFileFromOffset(), byteBuffer, this.fileSize - currentPos, (MessageExtBrokerInner) messageExt);
            } else if (messageExt instanceof MessageExtBatch) {
                result = cb.doAppend(this.getFileFromOffset(), byteBuffer, this.fileSize - currentPos, (MessageExtBatch)messageExt);
            } else {
                return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR);
            }
            this.wrotePosition.addAndGet(result.getWroteBytes());     // @4
            this.storeTimestamp = result.getStoreTimestamp();
            return result;
        }
        log.error("MappedFile.appendMessage return null, wrotePosition: {} fileSize: {}", currentPos,  this.fileSize);
        return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR);

代码@1:获取当前写入位置。

代码@2:根据消息类型,是批量消息还是单个消息,进入相应的处理。

代码@3:消息写入实现。

接下看具体的消息写入逻辑,代码来源于 CommitLog$DefaultAppendMessageCallback。

public AppendMessageResult doAppend(final long fileFromOffset, final ByteBuffer byteBuffer, final int maxBlank,
            final MessageExtBrokerInner msgInner) {   //@1
            // STORETIMESTAMP + STOREHOSTADDRESS + OFFSET <br>
            // PHY OFFSET
            long wroteOffset = fileFromOffset + byteBuffer.position();
            this.resetByteBuffer(hostHolder, 8);
            String msgId = MessageDecoder.createMessageId(this.msgIdMemory, msgInner.getStoreHostBytes(hostHolder), wroteOffset);  //@2
            // Record ConsumeQueue information      //@3start
            keyBuilder.setLength(0);
            keyBuilder.append(msgInner.getTopic());
            keyBuilder.append('-');
            keyBuilder.append(msgInner.getQueueId());
            String key = keyBuilder.toString();
            Long queueOffset = CommitLog.this.topicQueueTable.get(key);
            if (null == queueOffset) {
                queueOffset = 0L;
                CommitLog.this.topicQueueTable.put(key, queueOffset);
            }   //@3 end
            // Transaction messages that require special handling       //@4 start
            final int tranType = MessageSysFlag.getTransactionValue(msgInner.getSysFlag());
            switch (tranType) {
                // Prepared and Rollback message is not consumed, will not enter the
                // consumer queuec
                case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_PREPARED_TYPE:
                case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK_TYPE:
                    queueOffset = 0L;
                    break;
                case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_NOT_TYPE:
                case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_COMMIT_TYPE:
                default:
                    break;
            }   // @4 end
            /**
             * Serialize message
             */
            final byte[] propertiesData =
                msgInner.getPropertiesString() == null ? null : msgInner.getPropertiesString().getBytes(MessageDecoder.CHARSET_UTF8);
            final int propertiesLength = propertiesData == null ? 0 : propertiesData.length;
            if (propertiesLength > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
                log.warn("putMessage message properties length too long. length={}", propertiesData.length);
                return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.PROPERTIES_SIZE_EXCEEDED);
            }  //@5
            final byte[] topicData = msgInner.getTopic().getBytes(MessageDecoder.CHARSET_UTF8);
            final int topicLength = topicData.length;
            final int bodyLength = msgInner.getBody() == null ? 0 : msgInner.getBody().length;
            final int msgLen = calMsgLength(bodyLength, topicLength, propertiesLength);    //@6
            // Exceeds the maximum message
            if (msgLen > this.maxMessageSize) {   // @7
                CommitLog.log.warn("message size exceeded, msg total size: " + msgLen + ", msg body size: " + bodyLength
                    + ", maxMessageSize: " + this.maxMessageSize);
                return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.MESSAGE_SIZE_EXCEEDED);
            }
            // Determines whether there is sufficient free space
            if ((msgLen + END_FILE_MIN_BLANK_LENGTH) > maxBlank) {  // @8
                this.resetByteBuffer(this.msgStoreItemMemory, maxBlank);
                // 1 TOTALSIZE
                this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(maxBlank);
                // 2 MAGICCODE
                this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(CommitLog.BLANK_MAGIC_CODE);
                // 3 The remaining space may be any value
                //
                // Here the length of the specially set maxBlank
                final long beginTimeMills = CommitLog.this.defaultMessageStore.now();
                byteBuffer.put(this.msgStoreItemMemory.array(), 0, maxBlank);
                return new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.END_OF_FILE, wroteOffset, maxBlank, msgId, msgInner.getStoreTimestamp(),
                    queueOffset, CommitLog.this.defaultMessageStore.now() - beginTimeMills);
            }
            // Initialization of storage space   @9
            this.resetByteBuffer(msgStoreItemMemory, msgLen);
            // 1 TOTALSIZE
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgLen);
            // 2 MAGICCODE
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(CommitLog.MESSAGE_MAGIC_CODE);
            // 3 BODYCRC
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getBodyCRC());
            // 4 QUEUEID
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getQueueId());
            // 5 FLAG
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getFlag());
            // 6 QUEUEOFFSET
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(queueOffset);
            // 7 PHYSICALOFFSET
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(fileFromOffset + byteBuffer.position());
            // 8 SYSFLAG
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getSysFlag());
            // 9 BORNTIMESTAMP
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(msgInner.getBornTimestamp());
            // 10 BORNHOST
            this.resetByteBuffer(hostHolder, 8);
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(msgInner.getBornHostBytes(hostHolder));
            // 11 STORETIMESTAMP
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(msgInner.getStoreTimestamp());
            // 12 STOREHOSTADDRESS
            this.resetByteBuffer(hostHolder, 8);
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(msgInner.getStoreHostBytes(hostHolder));
            //this.msgBatchMemory.put(msgInner.getStoreHostBytes());
            // 13 RECONSUMETIMES
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(msgInner.getReconsumeTimes());
            // 14 Prepared Transaction Offset
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putLong(msgInner.getPreparedTransactionOffset());
            // 15 BODY
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putInt(bodyLength);
            if (bodyLength > 0)
                this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(msgInner.getBody());
            // 16 TOPIC
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.put((byte) topicLength);
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(topicData);
            // 17 PROPERTIES
            this.msgStoreItemMemory.putShort((short) propertiesLength);
            if (propertiesLength > 0)
                this.msgStoreItemMemory.put(propertiesData);
            final long beginTimeMills = CommitLog.this.defaultMessageStore.now();
            // Write messages to the queue buffer
            byteBuffer.put(this.msgStoreItemMemory.array(), 0, msgLen);
            AppendMessageResult result = new AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus.PUT_OK, wroteOffset, msgLen, msgId,
                msgInner.getStoreTimestamp(), queueOffset, CommitLog.this.defaultMessageStore.now() - beginTimeMills);     //@10
            switch (tranType) {
                case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_PREPARED_TYPE:
                case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK_TYPE:
                    break;
                case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_NOT_TYPE:
                case MessageSysFlag.TRANSACTION_COMMIT_TYPE:
                    // The next update ConsumeQueue information
                    CommitLog.this.topicQueueTable.put(key, ++queueOffset);
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            return result;

代码@1:参数详解

  • fileFromOffset
    该文件在整个文件序列中的偏移量。
  • ByteBuffer byteBuffer
    byteBuffer,NIO 字节容器。
  • int maxBlank
    最大可写字节数。
  • MessageExtBrokerInner msgInner
    消息内部封装实体。

代码@2:创建msgId,底层存储由16个字节表示,如下图:

*

代码@3:根据 topic-queryId 获取该队列的偏移地址(待写入的地址),如果没有,新增一个键值对,当前偏移量为 0。

代码@4:对事务消息需要单独特殊的处理(PREPARE,ROLLBACK类型的消息,不进入Consume队列)。

代码@5:消息的附加属性长度不能超过65536个字节。

代码@6:计算消息存储长度,消息存储格式:

*

代码@7:如果消息长度超过配置的消息总长度,则返回 MESSAGE_SIZE_EXCEEDED。

代码@8:如果该 MapperFile 中可剩余空间小于当前消息存储空间,返回END_OF_FILE。

代码@9:将消息写入MapperFile中(内存中)。

代码@10:重点讲解一下AppendMessageResult方法。

public AppendMessageResult(AppendMessageStatus status, long wroteOffset, int wroteBytes, String msgId,
        long storeTimestamp, long logicsOffset, long pagecacheRT) {
        this.status = status;
        this.wroteOffset = wroteOffset;
        this.wroteBytes = wroteBytes;
        this.msgId = msgId;
        this.storeTimestamp = storeTimestamp;
        this.logicsOffset = logicsOffset;
        this.pagecacheRT = pagecacheRT;

  • AppendMessageStatus status
    追加结果(成功,到达文件尾(文件剩余空间不足)、消息长度超过、消息属性长度超出、未知错误)。
  • wroteOffset
    消息的偏移量(相对于整个commitlog)。
  • wroteBytes
    消息待写入字节。
  • msgId
    消息ID。
  • storeTimestamp
    消息写入时间戳。
  • logicsOffset
    消息队列偏移量。
  • pagecacheRT
    消息写入时机戳(消息存储时间戳— 消息存储开始时间戳)。

然后返回 AppendMessageStatus,流程回到 【1.2.2 CommitLog.putMessage】的代码@6,如果返回结果是 OK 的话进入到代码@7,@8。

handleDiskFlush(result,*putMessageResult,*msg);***//*@7

我们先关注正常流程,然后再次梳理流程,特别关注异常流程,锁竞争等情况。

2、 消息刷盘

public void handleDiskFlush(AppendMessageResult result, PutMessageResult putMessageResult, MessageExt messageExt) {
        // Synchronization flush
        if (FlushDiskType.SYNC_FLUSH == this.defaultMessageStore.getMessageStoreConfig().getFlushDiskType()) {    // @1
            final GroupCommitService service = (GroupCommitService) this.flushCommitLogService;
            if (messageExt.isWaitStoreMsgOK()) {                                // @2
                GroupCommitRequest request = new GroupCommitRequest(result.getWroteOffset() + result.getWroteBytes());
                service.putRequest(request);
                boolean flushOK = request.waitForFlush(this.defaultMessageStore.getMessageStoreConfig().getSyncFlushTimeout());
                if (!flushOK) {
                    log.error("do groupcommit, wait for flush failed, topic: " + messageExt.getTopic() + " tags: " + messageExt.getTags()
                        + " client address: " + messageExt.getBornHostString());
                    putMessageResult.setPutMessageStatus(PutMessageStatus.FLUSH_DISK_TIMEOUT);
                }
            } else {   //@3
                service.wakeup();
            }
        }
        // Asynchronous flush   //@4
        else {
            if (!this.defaultMessageStore.getMessageStoreConfig().isTransientStorePoolEnable()) {
                flushCommitLogService.wakeup();
            } else {
                commitLogService.wakeup();
            }
        }

刷写磁盘支持同步、异步刷写,下文将分别重点阐述该这两种机制。

代码@1:同步刷写,这里有两种配置,是否一定要收到存储MSG信息,才返回,默认为true。

代码@2:如果要等待存储结果。

代码@3:唤醒同步刷盘线程。

代码@4:异步刷盘机制。

2.1 GroupCommitRequest (同步刷盘)

先来分析一下 GroupCommitRequest 。

*

  • nextOffSet
    下一个点的偏移量。
  • countDownLatch
    闭锁。
  • flushOk
    是否刷写成功。

GroupCommitService 同步刷盘服务类,一个线程一直的处理同步刷写任务,每处理一个循环后等待 10 毫秒,一旦新任务到达,立即唤醒执行任务。

看一下相关的核心方法:GroupCommitService.run方法。

*
GroupCommitService 的父类 ServiceThread 的 waitForRunning 方法。

*

从上面的代码看,我们可以把 doCommit 方法当成业务方法,在 run 方法的循环被调用,每执行完一次 doCommit 等待10毫秒,这也是 waitForRunning 的核心逻辑,doCommit 中的任务是通过调用如下方法:

private void doCommit() {
            synchronized (this.requestsRead) {
                if (!this.requestsRead.isEmpty()) {
                    for (GroupCommitRequest req : this.requestsRead) {
                        // There may be a message in the next file, so a maximum of
                        // two times the flush
                        boolean flushOK = false;
                        for (int i = 0; i < 2 && !flushOK; i++) {
                            flushOK = CommitLog.this.mappedFileQueue.getFlushedWhere() >= req.getNextOffset();
                            if (!flushOK) {
                                CommitLog.this.mappedFileQueue.flush(0); // @1
                            }
                        }
                        req.wakeupCustomer(flushOK); //@2
                    }
                    long storeTimestamp = CommitLog.this.mappedFileQueue.getStoreTimestamp();
                    if (storeTimestamp > 0) {
                        CommitLog.this.defaultMessageStore.getStoreCheckpoint().setPhysicMsgTimestamp(storeTimestamp);
                    }
                    this.requestsRead.clear();
                } else {
                    // Because of individual messages is set to not sync flush, it
                    // will come to this process
                    CommitLog.this.mappedFileQueue.flush(0);
                }
            }

代码@1:执行刷盘操作。

代码@2:唤醒用户线程。

*
刷盘具体实现:MappedFileQueue。

public boolean flush(final int flushLeastPages) {
        boolean result = true;
        MappedFile mappedFile = this.findMappedFileByOffset(this.flushedWhere, false); // @1
        if (mappedFile != null) {
            long tmpTimeStamp = mappedFile.getStoreTimestamp();
            int offset = mappedFile.flush(flushLeastPages); //@2
            long where = mappedFile.getFileFromOffset() + offset;
            result = where == this.flushedWhere;
            this.flushedWhere = where; //@3
            if (0 == flushLeastPages) {
                this.storeTimestamp = tmpTimeStamp;
            }
        }
        return result;

代码@1:根据上次刷新的位置,得到当前的 MappedFile 对象。

代码@2:执行 MappedFile 的 flush 方法。

代码@3:更新上次刷新的位置。

MappedFile.flush方法详解:

/**
     * @param flushLeastPages
     * @return The current flushed position
     */
    public int flush(final int flushLeastPages) {
        if (this.isAbleToFlush(flushLeastPages)) { // @1
            if (this.hold()) {
                int value = getReadPosition();
                try {
                    //We only append data to fileChannel or mappedByteBuffer, never both.
                    if (writeBuffer != null || this.fileChannel.position() != 0) {
                        this.fileChannel.force(false);
                    } else {
                        this.mappedByteBuffer.force();
                    }
                } catch (Throwable e) {
                    log.error("Error occurred when force data to disk.", e);
                }
                this.flushedPosition.set(value);
                this.release();
            } else {
                log.warn("in flush, hold failed, flush offset = " + this.flushedPosition.get());
                this.flushedPosition.set(getReadPosition());
            }
        }
        return this.getFlushedPosition();

刷写的实现逻辑就是调用 FileChannel 或 MappedByteBuffer 的force 方法。

在继续探讨异步刷盘前,在简单回顾一下消息存储的过程:

*

2.2 异步刷盘

异步刷盘机制,实现原理很简单,就是按照配置的周期定时提交信息到 MappedFile,定时刷写到磁盘,我们重点关注如下几个配置项。

相关服务类(线程)CommitLog$FlushRealTimeService 、CommitLog$CommitRealTimeService。

  • commitIntervalCommitLog
    CommitRealTimeService 线程的循环间隔,默认200ms。
  • commitCommitLogLeastPages
    每次提交到文件中,至少需要多少个页(默认4页)。
  • flushCommitLogLeastPages
    每次刷写到磁盘(commitlog),至少需要多个页(默认4页)。
  • flushIntervalCommitLog
    异步刷新线程,每次处理完一批任务后的等待时间,默认为500ms。

刷盘的逻辑在同步时已经讲解,现在我们重点看一下提交操作,参考 MappedFileQueue.commit 方法。

MappedFileQueue#commit

public boolean commit(final int commitLeastPages) {
        boolean result = true;
        MappedFile mappedFile = this.findMappedFileByOffset(this.committedWhere, false);
        if (mappedFile != null) {
            int offset = mappedFile.commit(commitLeastPages);
            long where = mappedFile.getFileFromOffset() + offset;
            result = where == this.committedWhere;
            this.committedWhere = where;
        }
        return result;
    }
MappedFile.commit:
public int commit(final int commitLeastPages) {
        if (writeBuffer == null) {
            //no need to commit data to file channel, so just regard wrotePosition as committedPosition.
            return this.wrotePosition.get();
        }
        if (this.isAbleToCommit(commitLeastPages)) { //@1
            if (this.hold()) {
                commit0(commitLeastPages); //@2
                this.release();
            } else {
                log.warn("in commit, hold failed, commit offset = " + this.committedPosition.get());
            }
        }
        // All dirty data has been committed to FileChannel.
        if (writeBuffer != null && this.transientStorePool != null && this.fileSize == this.committedPosition.get()) {
            this.transientStorePool.returnBuffer(writeBuffer);
            this.writeBuffer = null;
        }
        return this.committedPosition.get();

代码@1,看是否可以提交(符合最小需要提交的页)

protected boolean isAbleToCommit(final int commitLeastPages) {
        int flush = this.committedPosition.get(); // @1
        int write = this.wrotePosition.get(); // @2
        if (this.isFull()) { //@3
            return true;
        }
        if (commitLeastPages > 0) { //@4
            return ((write / OS_PAGE_SIZE) - (flush / OS_PAGE_SIZE)) >= commitLeastPages;
        }
        return write > flush;

代码@1:上次刷新偏移量。

代码@2:当前写入偏移量。

代码@3:如果文件已满,返回true。

代码@4:如果commitLeastPages大于0,则需要判断当前写入的偏移与上次刷新偏移量之间的间隔,如果超过commitLeastPages页数,则提交,否则本次不提交。

代码@5,如果没有新的数据写入,本次提交任务结束。

commit0 方法详解:

protected void commit0(final int commitLeastPages) {
        int writePos = this.wrotePosition.get();
        int lastCommittedPosition = this.committedPosition.get();
        if (writePos - this.committedPosition.get() > 0) {
            try {
                ByteBuffer byteBuffer = writeBuffer.slice();
                byteBuffer.position(lastCommittedPosition);
                byteBuffer.limit(writePos);
                this.fileChannel.position(lastCommittedPosition);
                this.fileChannel.write(byteBuffer);
                this.committedPosition.set(writePos);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                log.error("Error occurred when commit data to FileChannel.", e);
            }
        }

该方法的实现原理很简单,就不一一解释了。

3、主从同步机制

handleHA(result, putMessageResult, msg);

HA机制本文暂时跳过,后面专题分析。在这里我们只要知道消息同步发送机制时,会首先将消息发送给从,至于数据主从一致性等,下篇重点思考与分析。

再次回顾 ComitLog 消息存储:

*

ComitLog 存储,主要是先写入到 MappedFile(MappedByteBuffer或FileChannel中:内存中),此过程多个线程串行处理,然后根据不同的磁盘刷写方法进行刷盘操作、主从同步操作,最终返回结果。

4、异常流程

写入MappedByteBuffer阶段相关错误:

1、 END_OF_FILE;

首先我们知道,一个 MappedFile 对象映射一个 commitLog 文件,一个 commitlog 文件被映射为一个MappedFile(MappedByteBuffer), 由于消息不是定长的,故一个文件最后的剩余空间或许放不下一个消息,为了区分,在每一个commitlog 文件的最后会写入8个字节,表示文件的结束。如果一个文件最后的剩余空间无法存放一个消息时,会抛出END_OF_FILE 错误,此时会重新获取下一个MappedFile,再重新存入,故 END_OF_FILE 在业务层面不会抛出。

2、 MESSAGE_SIZE_EXCEEDED、PROPERTIES_SIZE_EXCEEDED、UNKNOWN_ERROR;

其他错误直接返回,封装成PutMessageStatus,有错误,直接将错误码返回给消息发送方。

总结

本文着重理解了消息存储到 CommitLog 文件的过程,大体分为三个步骤:1)消息追加,也就是将消息追加到 CommitLog 文件对应的内存映射区(本过程是加锁的,非并发;2)刷盘阶段(并发)就是将内存区数据刷写到磁盘文件(支持同步、异步刷盘);3)主从同步处理(并发)。

后续文章计划:

1、 消息消费机制,ConsumeQueue文件;

2、 消息主从同步及思考;

3、 事务消息实现原理;

4、 定时消息;


备注:本文是《RocketMQ技术内幕》的前期素材,建议关注笔者的书籍:《RocketMQ技术内幕》。