20、SpringCloud实战：Zipkin持久化链路跟踪-程序员江小北

Zipkin持久化

使用mysql数据库持久化

1、创建zipkin数据库；

2、启动zipkin使用以下脚本；

3、访问接口（配置了sleuth链路跟踪）；

使用ElasticSearch持久化

zipkin启动脚本

Zipkin持久化

Zipkin server默认会将追踪数据信息保存在内存中，但这种方法不适合生产环境，因为如果zipkin服务宕机了，则记录数据会消失，后续生产需要追寻问题我们就没办法了，所以我们需要将数据持久化到硬盘中（Mysql数据库或者ElasticSearch）

使用mysql数据库持久化

1、创建zipkin数据库

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
 trace_id_high BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
 trace_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
 id BIGINT NOT NULL,
 name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
 remote_service_name VARCHAR(255),
 parent_id BIGINT,
 debug BIT(1),
 start_ts BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
 duration BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query',
 PRIMARY KEY (trace_id_high, trace_id, id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
 
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(trace_id_high, trace_id) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(name) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(remote_service_name) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getRemoteServiceNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(start_ts) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range';
 
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
 trace_id_high BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
 trace_id BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',
 span_id BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',
 a_key VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
 a_value BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
 a_type INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
 a_timestamp BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
 endpoint_ipv4 INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
 endpoint_ipv6 BINARY(16) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
 endpoint_port SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
 endpoint_service_name VARCHAR(255) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
 
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY(trace_id_high, trace_id, span_id, a_key, a_timestamp) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(trace_id_high, trace_id, span_id) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(trace_id_high, trace_id) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(endpoint_service_name) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(a_type) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(a_key) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(trace_id, span_id, a_key) COMMENT 'for dependencies job';
 
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
 day DATE NOT NULL,
 parent VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
 child VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
 call_count BIGINT,
 error_count BIGINT,
 PRIMARY KEY (day, parent, child)
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

Tips：可以使用记事本将上面的脚本保存成zipkin.sql脚本，然后导入数据库中执行下创建数据库表

2、启动zipkin使用以下脚本

java -jar zipkin-server-2.24.0-exec.jar --STORAGE_TYPE=mysql

--MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1 --MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 --MYSQL_DB=zipkin --MYSQL_USER=root --MYSQL_PASS=root

参数说明

----STORAGE_TYPE：持久化方式

--MYSQL_HOST：mysql主机

--MYSQL_TCP_PORT：mysql端口

--MYSQL_DB：mysql持久化使用的数据库

--MYSQL_USER：mysql数据库用户名

--MYSQL_PASS：mysql数据库密码

3、访问接口（配置了sleuth链路跟踪）

可以看到记录数据被持久化到了mysql数据库中，此时强制重启Zipkin server（使用步骤2带mysql信息的运行），此时点击http://localhost:9411中设置按钮选择请求时间作为条件，然后点击RUN QUERY按钮zipkin会去数据库中查询相应的数据返回

Table (zipkin_spans)

Table (zipkin_annotations)

使用ElasticSearch持久化

zipkin启动脚本

java -jar zipkin-server-2.24.0-exec.jar --STORAGE_TYPE=elasticsearch --ES_HOST=localhost:9200

如果我们链接的是ES集群，只需要在我们指定地址后面用逗号分割即可，如下： --ES_HOSTS=http://192.168.1.1:9200,http://192.168.1.2:9200